赵引, 李国安, 夏江宝, 薄丽媛, 毛晓敏. 覆膜和灌水量对制种玉米根系分布及产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(15): 104-114. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.15.011
    引用本文: 赵引, 李国安, 夏江宝, 薄丽媛, 毛晓敏. 覆膜和灌水量对制种玉米根系分布及产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(15): 104-114. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.15.011
    Zhao Yin, Li Guoan, Xia Jiangbao, Bo Liyuan, Mao Xiaomin. Effects of film mulching and irrigation amount on the root distribution and yield of seed-maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2022, 38(15): 104-114. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.15.011
    Citation: Zhao Yin, Li Guoan, Xia Jiangbao, Bo Liyuan, Mao Xiaomin. Effects of film mulching and irrigation amount on the root distribution and yield of seed-maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2022, 38(15): 104-114. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.15.011

    覆膜和灌水量对制种玉米根系分布及产量的影响

    Effects of film mulching and irrigation amount on the root distribution and yield of seed-maize

    • 摘要: 为探究制种玉米根系分布及产量对滴灌条件下地膜覆盖和灌溉量的动态响应,该研究于2017年和2018年在中国西北旱区石羊河流域,以制种玉米"Ganxin 630"为供试作物,设置覆膜与灌溉水量2个控制因素,覆膜包括透明膜全覆盖(M1)和不覆膜(M0)2个水平,灌溉水量设置WF、WM和WL 3个水平(分别为灌溉需水量的100%、70%和40%),共6个处理,通过监测制种玉米生育期内的土壤水分、土壤温度、根长密度、地上干物质量和产量状况,分析不同覆膜和灌水量条件下土壤水热动态、制种玉米根长密度分布和产量的变化规律。结果表明,在相同覆膜条件下,0~60 cm土层含水量随灌溉量的增加而增加。覆膜可改善土壤水热条件,在充分灌溉下覆膜增加土壤贮水量,而亏缺灌溉下覆膜降低土壤贮水量。覆膜明显提升播种后75 d内的土壤温度,对播种后75 d之后的土壤温度没有影响。制种玉米各个生育期不同覆膜和灌水量处理下的根长密度均随着土层深度的加深而降低,播种后95 d时,86.3%~96.7%的根系分布在0~60 cm土层,其中土层深度0~30 cm和距离植株基部水平方向0~15 cm范围内的根长密度高于1.0 cm/cm3,此空间范围以外则低于1.0 cm/cm3。充分灌溉有利于浅层根系生长,而水分亏缺有利于深层根系生长,其中WL处理10 cm深度处的根长密度比WF处理在各个生育期低19.6%~32.5%,深层根长密度则高0.2%~41.9%,产量和地上生物量基本随灌溉量的增加而增加。覆膜10 cm深度处的根长密度比不覆膜在各灌水处理下高4.4%~69.2%,产量高24.9%。制种玉米地上干物质量、产量与播种后75和95 d的0~20 cm土层的根长密度的关系较为密切,相关系数分别达0.883、0.804以上,保证该阶段良好的土壤环境、促进根系生长对制种玉米的生长至关重要。该研究可为石羊河流域科学地进行灌溉和和覆膜管理提供理论依据。

       

      Abstract: Plastic film mulching and drip irrigation have been the main measures to cope with the water resources shortage for better crop productivity in the arid region of Northwest China. This study aims to explore the dynamic response of root distribution and yield of seed-maize to the plastic film mulching and irrigation amount under drip irrigation. The field experiments were conducted in the Shiyang River Basin located in the arid region of Northwest China in 2017 and 2018. Six treatments were set, including two levels of film mulching (full–mulching (M1) and non-mulching (M0)), and three levels of irrigation amount (WF, WM and WL: 100%, 70% and 40% of the irrigation water requirement, respectively). The distribution of soil water, the heat and root length density were monitored during the seed-maize growing season, whereas, the aboveground dry matter and yield were monitored in the mature period. The results showed that the average soil moisture contents of 0-60 cm soil layer were 0.22, 0.18, 0.17, 0.19, 0.20, and 0.18 cm3/cm3, respectively, under the M1WF, M1WM, M1ML, M0WF, M0WM, and M0ML treatments at 75 day after sowing (DAS). It indicated that the soil moisture content of 0-60 cm soil layer increased with the increase of irrigation amount under the same film mulching condition. Specifically, the soil moisture content of the 0-60 cm soil layer under the M1WF treatment was higher than that under the M0WF treatment in the same irrigation condition. The soil moisture contents of the 0-60 cm soil layer under the M1WM and M1WL treatments were lower than that under the M0WM and M0WL treatments, respectively. Film mulching significantly increased the soil temperature by 1.1-3.2℃ before 75 DAS, and there was no effect on the soil temperature after 75 DAS, indicating that the temperature-increasing effect of film mulching mainly appeared during the early growth stage. The root length density decreased with the deepening of soil depth under different film mulching and irrigation treatments in the various growth period of seed maize. Furthermore, 86.3%-96.7% of the roots were distributed in the 0-60 cm soil layer at 95 DAS of seed maize. The root length density was higher than 1.0 cm/cm3 in the 0-30 cm soil depth and 0-15 cm from the horizontal direction of the plant base, while lower than 1.0 cm/cm3 outside the spatial range. The root length density at 10 cm soil depth under WL treatment was 19.6%-32.5% lower than that of WF and was 0.2%-41.9% higher at deeper layer at various growth period, which showed that full irrigation was conducive to the root growth in shallow layer, while water deficit was conducive to the root growth in deeper layer. The yield and aboveground dry matter increased with the increase of irrigation amount. And the root length density at 10 cm soil depth under M1 treatment was 4.4%-69.2% higher than that of M0 treatment under different irrigation treatments, and the yield was 24.9% higher. The aboveground dry matter and yield of seed maize were closely related to the root length density at the 0-20 cm soil depth at the 75 DAS and 95 DAS, where the correlation coefficients were more than 0.883 and 0.804, respectively. Consequently, the favorable soil environment can be expected to promote the root growth for the aboveground growth of seed maize. The finding can provide a theoretical basis to implement the irrigation and film mulching measures in the Shiyang River Basin.

       

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