乔建磊, 郭瑞雪, 刘爽, 王连君, 肖英奎, 秦阳, 李永泉, 刘屹啸. 秸秆生物反应堆对温室葡萄根围土壤微环境及生长的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(23): 52-60. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.23.007
    引用本文: 乔建磊, 郭瑞雪, 刘爽, 王连君, 肖英奎, 秦阳, 李永泉, 刘屹啸. 秸秆生物反应堆对温室葡萄根围土壤微环境及生长的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(23): 52-60. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.23.007
    Qiao Jianlei, Guo Ruixue, Liu Shuang, Wang Lianjun, Xiao Yingkui, Qin Yang, Li Yongquan, Liu Yixiao. Effects of straw biological reactor on the soil microenvironment and plant growth of grapes cultivated in greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(23): 52-60. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.23.007
    Citation: Qiao Jianlei, Guo Ruixue, Liu Shuang, Wang Lianjun, Xiao Yingkui, Qin Yang, Li Yongquan, Liu Yixiao. Effects of straw biological reactor on the soil microenvironment and plant growth of grapes cultivated in greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2021, 37(23): 52-60. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.23.007

    秸秆生物反应堆对温室葡萄根围土壤微环境及生长的影响

    Effects of straw biological reactor on the soil microenvironment and plant growth of grapes cultivated in greenhouse

    • 摘要: 为了探究秸秆生物反应堆对寒冷地区温室葡萄根系周围土壤微环境及生长的影响,在温室内开展了葡萄秸秆生物反应堆栽培试验,共设计了4个处理(秸秆2.4×104 kg/hm2+发酵菌种配比2‰、秸秆3.6×104 kg/hm2+发酵菌种配比2‰、秸秆2.4×104 kg/hm2+发酵菌种配比3‰、秸秆3.6×104 kg/hm2+发酵菌种配比3‰),并以常规栽培作为对照。结果表明:1)在葡萄行间设置秸秆生物反应堆的当年,地温得到了明显提升,且生物反应堆中发酵菌种配比越高,则秸秆在前期发酵越快,地温变幅越大,但秸秆生物反应堆处理对下一年地温的影响微小;2)葡萄行间秸秆生物反应堆处理可以有效提高土壤中细菌和真菌数量,且反应堆中秸秆用量较高的处理(3.6×104 kg/hm2)对应的土壤细菌数量与秸秆用量较低的处理(2.4×104 kg/hm2)之间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),但秸秆生物反应堆处理对土壤放线菌的影响相对较小;3)在秸秆生物反应堆处理的当年,土壤脲酶活性大幅升高,增幅在38.5%~68.4%,但在下一年其活性相对稳定,而土壤蔗糖酶的活性却表现出持续升高的趋势,且在反应堆中秸秆用量相同的条件下,生物发酵菌种配比为2‰和3‰处理之间的差异并不显著(P>0.05);4)在葡萄行间设置秸秆生物反应堆,可以有效提高葡萄根系活力和产量,在处理的当年,葡萄产量增幅为11.5%~17.2%,且还能促进下一年增产,增幅为9.6%~15.7%。综上,在葡萄行间设置秸秆生物反应堆处理后,根系周围土壤微环境得到明显改善,对葡萄生长产生了积极的效应,且生物反应堆中秸秆用量为3.6×104 kg/hm2、发酵菌种配比为2‰时处理效果较佳。该研究结果对寒冷地区温室葡萄生产具有一定的指导意义和参考依据。

       

      Abstract: The soil around the root (rhizosphere) is a critical interface for the exchange of resources between plants and the soil microenvironment. This study aims to explore the effects of straw biological reactor on the soil microenvironment and plant rhizosphere of grape growth in the greenhouse. Four experimental treatments of internal straw bioreactor were set, according to the material compositions: (maize straw 2.4×104 kg/hm2 + fermentation strain ratio 2‰), (maize straw 3.6×104 kg/hm2+ fermentation strain ratio 2‰), (maize straw 2.4×104 kg/hm2 + fermentation strain ratio 3‰) and (maize straw 3.6×104 kg/hm2 + fermentation strain ratio 3‰). The conventional cultivation of grapes in the greenhouse was used as control. The results showed that the soil temperature significantly increased in the year when the straw bioreactor was conducted between the rows of the grape plant. There was a higher ratio of fermentation strains in the biological reactor, while the faster straw rotted in the early stage, as the soil temperature varied greatly. But there was a very weak effect of straw biological reactor on the soil temperature in the next year. The treatments of straw bioreactors between the rows of grape plants were effectively improved the numbers of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil. Specifically, the number of soil bacteria in the treatment with the higher straw application amount (3.6×104 kg/hm2) was significantly different from that with the lower straw application amount (2.4×104 kg/hm2). However, there was a relatively weak effect of straw bioreactor on the soil actinomycetes. The soil urease activity increased significantly in the year with straw biorereactor treatment, increased by 38.5%-68.4% compared to the control group, but remained relatively stable in the next year. The activity of soil sucrase showed a continuously increasing trend under the condition of the same application amount of straw in the reactor, whereas, there was no significant difference of soil sucrase activity between the treatments with the fermentation strain ratio of 2‰ and 3‰. Consequently, the straw bioreactor between the rows of grape plants can be expected to effectively improve the root activity of grape, as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves, particularly for a higher yield. In conclusion, the soil temperature, nutrients, and microbial environment were significantly improved after the straw bioreactor between the rows of grape plants, indicating a positive effect on the plant growth and yield of grapes. The finding can also provide a strong reference for grape production in cold areas.

       

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