张山清, 普宗朝. 新疆参考作物蒸散量时空变化分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(5): 73-79.
    引用本文: 张山清, 普宗朝. 新疆参考作物蒸散量时空变化分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(5): 73-79.
    Zhang Shanqing, Pu Zongchao. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of reference evapotranspiration in Xinjiang[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2011, 27(5): 73-79.
    Citation: Zhang Shanqing, Pu Zongchao. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of reference evapotranspiration in Xinjiang[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2011, 27(5): 73-79.

    新疆参考作物蒸散量时空变化分析

    Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of reference evapotranspiration in Xinjiang

    • 摘要: 参考作物蒸散量是表征大气蒸散能力,评价气候干旱程度、植被耗水量的重要指标。利用新疆101个气象站1961-2008年的逐月气候资料,采用联合国粮农组织推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算出各站逐月参考作物蒸散量,使用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall检测以及基于GIS的宏观地理因子三维二次趋势面模拟与反距离加权残差订正相结合的空间插值技术,对新疆近48 a参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征进行了分析。新疆参考作物蒸散量的空间分布总体为南疆大于北疆、东部大于西部、盆(谷)地大于山区。受气温上升、日照时数减少、风速减小、相对湿度增大的影响,近48 a新疆参考作物蒸散量呈显著减小趋势,并于1981年发生了突变性减小,但各地具有明显的区域性差异, 参考作物蒸散越强烈的区域,其递减倾向率和减小幅度也越大。参考作物蒸散量减小对降低作物需水量和农田灌溉量、减小地表干燥度、改善新疆脆弱的生态环境具有重要意义。

       

      Abstract: Reference evapotranspiration(ETo) is an important index for reflecting atmospheric evapotranspiration ability, evaluating climate drought, vegetation water-consumption. Based on the climatic data of 101 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2008 in Xinjiang,the annual ETo was calculated with Penman-Monteith equation recommended by FAO in 1998, and the spatial and temporal variation characteristic of the annual ETo and its climatic causes were analyzed by using linear regression method, Mann-Kendall abrupt test and three-dimensional quadratic trend surface simulation and inverse-distance square weighting residual error revising based on GIS. The main results show that the spatial distribution of annual ETo was obviously different in the different regions of Xinjiang. Generally, the annual ETo was larger in southern than it in northern, eastern was larger than western, basin (valley) was larger than in mountain regions in Xinjiang. By the comprehensive influence of the significantly increasing tendency of the mean temperature and air relative humidity, and the significantly decreasing of the sunshine hour and the wind speed, the annual ETo was significantly decreasing and it had significantly sudden decrease in 1981, but the decrease rate and range of the annual ETo had distinct regional differences. In general, the decrease rate and range of the annual ETo was large in the area of the ETo stronger, and vice versa. It has important significance of annual ETo decrease to reducing the amount of crop water requirement and farmland irrigation, reducing surface dryness, and improving vulnerable ecological environment in Xinjiang.

       

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