Abstract
The smart farm was the backbone direction of the third agricultural revolution led by agricultural digital information technology. By analyzing and comparing the development situation of China's smart farm in recent years, it was found that the development of China's smart farm was still in the exploratory stage, and bold exploration should be carried out from different angles. The smart farm is a systematic project that is gradually intelligent in the process of agricultural production, precise in time, and fine in indicators. It is the deep integration of information technology, management technology, biotechnology, and intelligent agricultural machinery. According to the natural block characteristics of the whole plant growth and continuance, crop production can be divided into five-time channels, namely, seed-stage, seedling stage, paddy shoot stage, grain stage, and product stage, that is the big 5T. The seed-stage time channel includes a seed-stage time block, the seedling stage time channel includes a seedling stage time block, and the paddy shoot stage time channel includes a paddy shoot stage time block. According to the natural block characteristics of the grain growth and continuance, the time channel of grain stage can be divided into five-time blocks, harvest, field, drying, warehousing, and storage, that is the small 5T. The time channel of the product stage includes three-time blocks, processing, marketing, and eating. 5T management aims at 12-factor management for each stage of crop production. The information of 12-factor management includes man, soil, time, seed, machine, number, water, fertilizer, pesticides, temperature, humidity, and moisture. Based on innovating 5T precision time agricultural production management methods and standards, a basic element model of smart farms based on the time channel of crop growth, the time block of continuance, and system architecture of the 5T management system were proposed in this study. The 5T smart farm management system was developed by using the architecture of the 5T smart farm system, which integrated dynamic Internet of Things (IoT) code, IoT, mobile APP, and big data technology. The promotion and application of the 5T smart farm management system in 12 enterprises of the Jilin rice industry alliance had been implemented. According to the “5T Post-harvest management technique code for high-quality paddy”, the precision nursing operation was further carried out around the grain stage of high-quality paddy according to the principle of staging, classification, timely, low temperature, and moderate. The system integrated the functions of 5T management implementation, product quality traceability, and new technology application. Based on supporting the development of a variety of remote detectors, the system used a mobile APP and the intelligent device remote data sending unit to collect the 5T data, stored the data in a distributed way, and combined online and offline evaluation, to achieve the effect of “data-driven price”, and realized the dual traceability mechanism of operation quality and product quality. In the analysis of the collected data, it was found that improper management of the paddy harvest period caused a 7.16% hidden loss. The annual output of paddy in Jilin Province was 6.67 million t, the theoretical calculation of paddy loss in the field was 478 000 t. The system was gradually improved and upgraded according to the actual operation situation and had achieved remarkable efficiency, loss reduction, and quality improvement. The fine management and precise decision method of the 5T smart farm management system can closely connect intelligent control with unmanned agricultural machinery equipment, and realize intelligent autonomous unmanned farms.
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