Evaluation model of water ecological civilization based on pressure-state-response matter element model

Abstract: The establishment of a suitable model for evaluating water ecological civilization plays an important role in researching the relationship between the water ecosystem and human social activities. As the water ecological civilization is a vague concept, quantitative evaluation is crucial for the water ecological civilization evaluation. In order to evaluate the level of regional water ecological civilization, the connotation and evaluation methods of water ecological civilization were discussed based on pressure state response (PSR) model. Water ecological civilization evaluation index system was proposed which consisted of 3 elements and 20 indicators. Index weight was determined by the entropy method to reduce the interference of human subjectivity on the evaluation results. The matter element theory was adopted to analyze and solve the fuzziness and incompatibility of the evaluation index by constructing the classical matter element and the section matter element of the water ecological civilization. The correlation of each index and evaluation grades were analyzed. The comprehensive evaluation model of the entropy weight based on PSR was built. The model can reveal the real state of water ecological civilization and the existing problems. Combined with the model and the collected data, the water ecological civilization evaluation results of the suburbs in Jinan city in 2010, 2013 and 2015 were calculated. In order to discuss the sensitivity of the index value, the sensitivity of the evaluation index to the judgement grade was analyzed. The index data of 2015 was used as the reference value. A certain value of each index was increased or decreased (respectively -5%, -10%, +5%, +10%) while other indicators remained unchanged. Then the grade of regional water ecological civilization evaluation was observed. The results showed the grade of the indexes including GDP water consumption, the standard rate of water functional zone and the degree of soil erosion were increasing rapidly. It meant that that this region was in continuous improvement in terms of the water resources utilization efficiency, water quality protection and water ecological restoration from 2010 to 2015. The index of COD emission per unit area decreased to a bad grade, indicating that industrial wastewater discharge in research region still need to be controlled in 2013 and 2015. The centralized sewage treatment rate reached an excellent grade in 2015. It indicated that the sewage treatment capacity of the study area was high enough, which played an important role in enhancing the local water quality. The water ecological civilization of research region in the overall level increased gradually. The ability of human beings to protect the water ecosystem was greatly improved. The health of the water ecosystem was enhanced. Reducing ammonia and COD emissions of pollutants is a key measure to improve local ecological civilization water level. The indexes including COD emission per unit area, ammonia nitrogen emissions per unit area and the standard rate of water functional zone were more sensitive. The indexes including the proportion of wetland area, the grade of soil erosion, water efficiency of irrigation, the increase of constructed wetland area and the proportion of ecological water utilization were sensitive relatively. The evaluation index system of water ecological civilization built base on press-state-response model was comprehensive and logical. It was suitable for evaluation of water ecological civilization. Using the entropy weighted matter-element model could not only determine the overall status and stability evaluation of the object for the water ecological civilization evaluation, but also reveal the single evaluation index information. The method solved the problems of subjective uncertainty and non quantization caused by water ecological civilization concept. The water ecological civilization evaluation method can be used as reference for similar areas.