Abstract: In order to study the effect of airflow speed, affection position and affection angle on pneumatic pollination in hybrid rice breeding, test apparatus and experiments were designed and carried out in this paper. Effect of the three factors on effective area ratio, average density and non-uniformity of pollens distribution were analyzed through orthogonal rotational quadratic combination test method, and then regression equations to describe the relationship of factors and each assessment index were established with Design-Expert8.05 data. An optimum combination of input parameters was obtained with airflow speed 21.98 m/s, affection position 16.85 cm below panicle, and affection angle 0. Effective area ratio was 88.75%, average density was 4.50 per single field, non-uniform distribution was 19.53, and the maximum desirability was 0.744. This result provides a theoretical basis for studying pneumatic pollination technology and developing pneumatic pollination equipment for hybrid rice breeding.