Abstract: Abstract: Energy consumption patterns are not only restricted by the technical efficiency, but also the result of the impact of lifestyle and social cultural. The purpose of this paper is to master the evolution and environmental effect of household energy consumption patterns after herdsmen settlement. Based on the data analysis of 259 herdsmen household energy consumption in 20 towns on Gannan pastoral areas, this article has studied the differences of energy consumption patterns between nomadic, semi-settled, and settled lifestyle, and analyzed the emissions of major greenhouse gases and pollutants. The results show that: Overall, pastoral families mainly consume dung and other biomass, the per capita energy consumption is higher, but the energy quality is poor, and the majority of household energy consumption is still in a state of meeting the basic survival needs. After herdsmen settlement, the lifestyle has undergone major changes, and exerted a far-reaching influence on the pastoral household energy consumption patterns. On the total consumption, the per capita energy consumption level decreases significantly, reduces from 1738.85 to 734.19 kgce (kg of standard coal), and is only 46.99% and 42.22% of the consumption under the semi-settled and nomadic lifestyle. There are two main reasons, one reason is that the heating time is shortened; another reason is that the substitution effect of commercial energy is obvious.. For the consumption structure, the quantity and proportion of commercial energy consumption are gradually increased; the number of biomass energy consumption is significantly reduced, and shows a trend of diversification. The way of using solar energy is shifted from generating power by photovoltaic panels to steering water by a solar cooker, and the quantity is declined. Although the amount of solar energy use is smaller, it has profound implications for improving the quality of herdsmen life, it solves the basic electricity needs of nomadic herdsmen. After the herdsmen settlement, pastoral household energy consumption type becomes diverse, herdsmen use more commercial energy and advanced appliances, the integrated thermal efficiency increases from 15.74%, 16.81% to 19.96%, and the energy saving effect is gradually highlighted. Compared with the physical consumption, the gap of heating services acquired is narrowing between settled, semi-settled and nomadic herdsmen. After the herdsmensettlement, the impact of environment is changed, the main greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions of CO2, N2O, CH4, NOx, TSP are significantly reduced, and the negative impacts on the health of residents are also reduced, while the emissions of SO2 is increased due to the consumption of coal and other commodities. New environmental problem are created after the change in household energy consumption patterns, the energy development needs system planning. These research results can provide the basis for promoting pastoral energy conservation and achieving sustainable development of pastoral areas.