张凯, 王润元, 冯起, 王鹤龄, 赵鸿, 赵福年, 阳伏林, 雷俊. 模拟增温和降水变化对半干旱区春小麦生长及产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(z1): 161-170. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.019
    引用本文: 张凯, 王润元, 冯起, 王鹤龄, 赵鸿, 赵福年, 阳伏林, 雷俊. 模拟增温和降水变化对半干旱区春小麦生长及产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(z1): 161-170. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.019
    Zhang Kai, Wang Runyuan, Feng Qi, Wang Heling, Zhao Hong, Zhao Funian, Yang Fulin, Lei Jun. Effects of simulated warming and precipitation change on growth characteristics and grain yield of spring wheat in semi-arid area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2015, 31(z1): 161-170. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.019
    Citation: Zhang Kai, Wang Runyuan, Feng Qi, Wang Heling, Zhao Hong, Zhao Funian, Yang Fulin, Lei Jun. Effects of simulated warming and precipitation change on growth characteristics and grain yield of spring wheat in semi-arid area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2015, 31(z1): 161-170. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.z1.019

    模拟增温和降水变化对半干旱区春小麦生长及产量的影响

    Effects of simulated warming and precipitation change on growth characteristics and grain yield of spring wheat in semi-arid area

    • 摘要: 为了探索和验证未来气候变化对半干旱区春小麦生产的影响,了解春小麦生长发育和产量对增温和降水变化协同响应的基本特征,利用开放式增温系统和水分控制装置,设置不同水分和温度梯度来模拟气候变化对半干旱区春小麦的影响。结果表明:正常和增加30%降水条件下,增温2.0℃使春小麦株高降低。在不增温和增温2.0℃条件下,增加30%降水使春小麦株高增加;正常和增加降水条件下,增温的叶面积指数比不增温的低。正常和增温条件下,水分对叶面积指数的影响规律性不是很明显;增温和增水协同条件下的株高、叶面积指数小于不增温和正常降水条件下的株高、叶面积指数;增温导致叶绿素含量降低,增温情况下增水会使叶绿素含量提高;正常和增加降水条件下,增温的干物质质量比不增温的低。正常和增温条件下,降水增多则有利于干物质质量的积累;营养生长阶段和生殖生长阶段,在正常和增加降水条件下,增温对叶的分配系数有负效应,增水为正效应。增温对茎的分配系数有正效应,增水为负效应。增温对穗的分配系数有负效应,增水为正效应;增加降水对春小麦的产量有正效应,而增温则不利于产量的提高,即便是在增加降水的情况下,增温还是对产量有不利的影响。研究结果为中国半干旱区春小麦对全球气候变化下的敏感性及适应性提供理论参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: In order to explore and validate the impact of further climate change on spring wheat growth and yield, and to obtain basic features of spring wheat's response to warming and precipitation change, an infrared temperature-increasing simulation experiment was conducted in Dingxi of Gansu Province, Northwest China. With the applications of free air temperature increased system (FATI) and water control devices, different precipitation and air temperature gradients were installed to simulate the effects of climate change on spring wheat growth. The impacts of warming and precipitation change on growth and yield of spring wheat were also analyzed.? The results showed that warming of 2℃ decreased the plant height of spring wheat by 8.55% under normal precipitation condition, and warming of 2℃ decreased the plant height of spring wheat by 9.65% under the condition of increasing precipitation by 30%. Increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced the plant height of spring wheat by 4.8% under normal temperature condition, and increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced the plant height of spring wheat by 3.56% under warming of 2℃. The plant height of spring wheat under the condition of warming of 2℃ and increasing precipitation by 30% was smaller than that under normal temperature and normal precipitation condition. On the condition of normal precipitation, warming of 2℃ decreased the leaf area index of spring wheat by 28.15%, and on the condition of increasing precipitation by 30%, warming of 2℃ decreased the leaf area index of spring wheat by 31.04%. Under normal temperature and warming of 2℃, the effect of precipitation on leaf area index was not very obvious. The leaf area index of spring wheat under warming of 2℃ and increasing precipitation by 30% condition was smaller than that under normal temperature and normal precipitation condition. Warming decreased chlorophyll content of spring wheat leaf, and especially after filling stage, the chlorophyll content decreased more significantly. Increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced the chlorophyll content of spring wheat leaf under warming of 2℃. On the conditions of normal precipitation and increasing precipitation by 30%, the dry matter amounts of spring wheat under warming were all smaller than that under normal temperature. Increasing precipitation by 30% was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter under normal temperature and warming. In the vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage, under the conditions of normal precipitation and increasing precipitation by 30%, warming had a negative effect on the partition coefficient of the leaves and a positive effect on the partition coefficient of the stem, but increasing precipitation by 30% had a positive effect on the partition coefficient of the leaves and a negative effect on the partition coefficient of the stem. In the reproductive growth stage, under the conditions of normal precipitation and increasing precipitation by 30%, warming had a negative effect on the partition coefficient of the panicle, but increasing precipitation by 30% had a positive effect on the partition coefficient of the panicle. Under normal temperature, increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced yield of spring wheat by 4.89%, spikelet number by 4.92%, grains per panicle by 2.44%, grains weight per panicle by 4.99%, 1000-grain weight by 2.64%, length of panicle by 8.66% and weight of panicle by 4.92%. Under normal precipitation, warming of 2℃ decreased yield of spring wheat by 43.26%, spikelet number by 13.11%, grains per panicle by 15.85%, grains weight per panicle by 27.11%, 1000-grain weight by 13.54%, length of panicle by 14.96% and weight of panicle by 24.93%. Water addition had a positive effect on the yield of spring wheat, while warming did not help to improve the yield of spring wheat; even in the case of increasing precipitation, warming still had an adverse effect on yield. The research results can give the theoretical references for the sensitivity and adaptability of spring wheat in semi-arid area of China under global climate change.

       

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