徐鹏翔, 沈玉君, 丁京涛, 孟海波, 张朋月, 薛楠. 规模化养猪场粪污全量收集及贮存工艺设计[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(9): 255-262. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.029
    引用本文: 徐鹏翔, 沈玉君, 丁京涛, 孟海波, 张朋月, 薛楠. 规模化养猪场粪污全量收集及贮存工艺设计[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(9): 255-262. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.029
    Xu Pengxiang, Shen Yujun, Ding Jingtao, Meng Haibo, Zhang Pengyue, Xue Nan. Slurry manure collection and design of storage system on scaled pig farms[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(9): 255-262. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.029
    Citation: Xu Pengxiang, Shen Yujun, Ding Jingtao, Meng Haibo, Zhang Pengyue, Xue Nan. Slurry manure collection and design of storage system on scaled pig farms[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(9): 255-262. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.029

    规模化养猪场粪污全量收集及贮存工艺设计

    Slurry manure collection and design of storage system on scaled pig farms

    • 摘要: 基于全量收集的粪污贮存技术具有粪尿收集方便、运行成本低廉和养分利用率高等特点,在欧美等发达国家得到了普遍应用,是一种适合在中国华北、西北等地区和土地匹配较充足的区域进行推广的粪污处理与还田利用技术。文章以规模化养猪场尿泡粪全量贮存技术为研究对象,分析了尿泡粪收集量、贮存工艺控制参数、贮存设施设计和投资运行成本等内容,旨在为该技术的推广应用提供参考。结果表明:每头生猪整个饲养周期内尿泡粪收集量为0.70 m3;粪污贮存设施分为舍内贮存池和舍外贮存罐2种,粪污贮存方法可采取舍内贮存、舍外贮存和舍内结合舍外贮存3种。粪污pH值酸化至5.5~6.5,氨排放量最高可减少80%;粪肥还田前一般要求存储时间为6个月。以存栏5 000头规模养猪场为例,舍内贮存池所需容积为6 600 m3,投资660万元;舍外贮存罐所需容积为4 118 m3,投资206万元;舍内结合舍外贮存设施所需容积为8 214 m3,投资651万元;粪污处理成本为3.83万元/a,施肥成本为10.8万元/a;全部粪肥还田可满足133 hm2农田用肥,节省化肥6.0万元/a,该研究可为粪污贮存及利用提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstraction: There are about 3.8 billion tons of livestock and poultry manure produced every year in China. How to reusingthese wastes has becoming an important issue. In recent years, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs of China attaches greatimportance to the treatment and utilization of livestock and poultry manure, and insists that livestock and poultry manureshould be mainly used for rural energy and organic fertilizer. At present, slurry manure can be collected by three means inChina, called dry-dung cleaning manure, water flushing manure and deep-pit slurry manure. According to the statistics dataabout the utilization of livestock and poultry manure from the third-party in 2018, the proportion of farms adopting thetechnology of dry-dung cleaning manure is 88.45%, the proportion of water flushing manure and deep-pit slurry manure is9.80%, and the proportion of other methods is 1.75%. It is noticeable that dry-dung cleaning is still the main method of manurecleaning in China's farms. Dry-dung cleaning process usually includes 3 steps such as solid-liquid separation, manurecomposting and waste water treatment, but all the products still need to be returned to the farmland finally. The treatment ofsolid and liquid wastes separately causes excessive nutrient loss and higher running cost, which is apparently a waste ofresources. Compared with dry-dung cleaning manure and water flushing manure, deep-pit slurry manure do not need flushingwater and reduced the total amount of slurry manure. Deep-pit slurry manure collected excrement through slatted floor andstored in manure storage pit has some characteristics such as easily collection of feces and urine, low operating cost and highefficiency of nutrient utilization which has been widely used in developed countries such as Europe and the United States. It isa low cost technology for slurry manure treatment and suitable for applying in North China, Northwest China and other regionswith sufficient land. In this paper, the collection amount of swine manure, the storage process parameters of slurry manure, thedesign of storage construction and the cost of investment and operation were studied, which would provide support for thepopularization and application of the technology. The results showed that the collection amount of slurry manure in the wholefeeding period of each pig is 0.70 m 3 , and 6 months storage time was needed before the manure was returned to the farmland.When the pH value of slurry manure is acidified to 5.5-6.5, ammonia emission can be reduced by up to 80%. Slurry manurecollection and storage facilities are divided into two types: under-floor pit inside the breeding house and outside below orabove ground storage tank. There are three methods for slurry manure storage: under floor deep-pit storages, outside belowground concrete storages or above ground tank storages, or a combination of both. Take a scaled farm with 5 000 pigs as anexample, the required volume of under-floor pit is 6 600 m 3 and the investment need 6.6 million yuan, the required volume ofoutdoor tank is 4 118 m 3 and the investment need 2.06 million yuan, the required volume of under-floor pit combined outdoortank is 8 214 m 3 and the investment need 6.51 million yuan. The cost of manure treatment is 38.3 thousand yuan per year, thecost of manure spreading is 108 thousand yuan per year. All the manure can be returned to 133 hm 2 farmland and save cost ofchemical fertilizer for about 60 thousand yuan per year.

       

    /

    返回文章
    返回