张新燕, 王浩翔, 牛文全. 水氮供应对温室滴灌番茄水氮分布及利用效率的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(9): 106-115. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.012
    引用本文: 张新燕, 王浩翔, 牛文全. 水氮供应对温室滴灌番茄水氮分布及利用效率的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(9): 106-115. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.012
    Zhang Xinyan, Wang Haoxiang, Niu Wenquan. Effects of water and N-fertilizer supplies on the distribution and use efficiency of water and nitrogen of drip-irrigated tomato in greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(9): 106-115. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.012
    Citation: Zhang Xinyan, Wang Haoxiang, Niu Wenquan. Effects of water and N-fertilizer supplies on the distribution and use efficiency of water and nitrogen of drip-irrigated tomato in greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2020, 36(9): 106-115. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.012

    水氮供应对温室滴灌番茄水氮分布及利用效率的影响

    Effects of water and N-fertilizer supplies on the distribution and use efficiency of water and nitrogen of drip-irrigated tomato in greenhouse

    • 摘要: 为探讨温室番茄水肥一体化滴灌系统优化模式,通过温室番茄滴灌施肥试验,研究田间滴灌管布置方式、灌水量、施氮肥量这3个因素对土壤含水率、土壤硝态氮含量及水肥利用效率的影响。3种布置方式包括1管1行(T1)、1管2行(T2)和1管3行(T3);基于Penman-Monteith修正公式计算的潜在蒸散量(Potential Evapotranspiration,ET0)设计灌水量,3种灌水量处理包括50%ET0(W1)、70%ET0(W2)和90%ET0(W3);3种施氮肥量处理包括120(N1)、180(N2)和240 kg/hm2(N3)。采用正交试验设计,共9个处理。结果表明,不同管道布置方式土壤含水率分布趋势基本相同,土壤表层0~20 cm含水率较低,>20~40 cm土层深度土壤含水率分布较高,40 cm土层深度以下土壤含水率减小,且T1和T2布置方式较T3土壤含水率分布均匀。土壤硝态氮(NO3-N)质量分数随土层深度的增加而减小,0~30 cm土层硝态氮质量分数均值大于30~60 cm土层含量均值。T2布置方式土壤硝态氮含量均匀,深层淋失损失量小。灌水因素和施肥模式对番茄产量、水肥利用效率均有显著影响,获得番茄高产的滴灌施肥优化模式为T2(1管2行)W2(70% ET0)N3(240 kg/hm2);从高效的灌溉水利用效率和肥料偏生产力考虑,其滴灌施肥最优水平组合模式分别为T2(1管2行)W2(70% ET0)N2(180 kg/hm2)和T2(1管2行)W2(70% ET0)N1(120 kg/hm2)。结果可为温室番茄滴灌施肥生产实践提供一定的技术指导。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: This study explored the optimal mode of drip fertigation system of tomato in greenhouse in Yangling, China (109°06'E,36°18'N). Three factors with three levels each were considered including drip irrigation pipeline layout, fertilizer-N application rate and irrigation amount. Three pipeline layout included single-plant row, two-plant row and three-plant row of one pipeline. Three irrigation amounts were 50%ET0, 70%ET0 and 90%ET0 (potential evapotranspiration) and ET0 was calculated based on Penman-Monteith modifier formula. Three fertilizer-N amounts were 120, 180 and 240 kg/hm2. The experiment was carried out in 2018 following the orthogonal test design. During the experiment, soil moisture content and nitrate nitrogen content were determined. Water use efficiency and fertilizer utilization efficiency were calculated. The results showed that the drip irrigation pipeline layout, irrigation amount and fertilizer-N amount had different effects on soil moisture content distribution, nitrate nitrogen, tomato yield and water use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency of greenhouse tomato. The distribution of soil water content in different drip irrigation pipeline layout was basically the same, the water content of the surface layer (0-20 cm) was lower and higher in the soil layer of 20-40 cm. The soil water content below 40 cm depth was decreased. The soil moisture content was low in the area far from the emitter but high in the area around the emitter.The moisture content distributions of single-plant row of one pipeline and two-plant row of one pipeline were much uniform than that of three-plant row of one pipeline. The soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) content decreased generally with the soil depth, and the mean value of the nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm soil layer was greater than that at 30-60 cm. The maximum value of nitrate nitrogen content was 24.96 mg/kg in the 0-30 cm soil layer, and it was 16.71 mg/kg in the 30-60 cm soil layer. Under the same fertilizer-N treatment, the nitrate nitrogen content at the center of the test pit in the 0-30 cm soil layer was larger in the treatment of two-plant row of one pipeline mode than that in single-plant row and three-plant row of one pipeline. It would be conducive to the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by roots. The irrigation amount had an extremely significant effect on the yield of tomato. The fertilizer-N amounts had a significant effect on the yield. The tomato yield was not significantly different for the treatments of irrigation amount of 70%ET0 and 90%ET0, and both treatments were significantly higher than that with the irrigation amount of 50%ET0. The irrigation amount and fertilizer-N application rate had significant effects on water use efficiency and partial nitrogen productivity. The optimized mode of drip fertigation with high yield of tomato was two-plant row of one pipeline, irrigation amounts 70%ET0 and fertilizer-N application rate of 240 kg/hm2. Considering the high efficiency of irrigation water utilization and N-fertilizer partial factor productivity, the optimal combination mode of drip fertigation on tomato was two-plant row of one pipeline, irrigation amounts 70%ET0, N-fertilizer amounts 180 kg/hm2 and two-plant row of one pipeline, irrigation amounts 70%ET0 and N-fertilizer amounts 120kg/hm2, respectively. The result can provide some technical guidance for the production practice of the greenhouse tomato drip fertigation.

       

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