Abstract: Although plastic sheet-covered cultivation technology has brought great development to agricultural production, the plastic film residual in the field has also seriously polluted the soil. Because plastic film is difficult to degrade under natural conditions, its residue in the soil will not only hinder the growth of crop roots, and make it difficult for crops to absorb water, but also prevent the infiltration of water in the soil, making the soil moisture content decline, and ultimately leading to crop yield reduction. The traditional pole-tooth residual plastic film collector mainly uses elastic tooth to recover the surface plastic film residue. The structure of the machine is simple, but it is difficult to unload the plastic film, and the working parts are easy to be wrapped by the film, which ultimately leads to the low recovery rate of the plastic film residue. According to the typical mulching planting situation in Xinjiang cotton field and the structural characteristics of the pole-tooth residual plastic film collector, the swing rod driven residual plastic film collector was improved and designed. In particular, the technology improvement of the spring-tooth picking device and the scraper discharging device was carried out, which solved the problems of easy jamming of the elastic tooth shaft and unreliable film unloading. Compared with the traditional pole-tooth residual plastic film collector, the swing rod driven residual plastic film collector mainly improved in the following aspects: the lifting film device was increased, and the effect of picking-up film was improved; the connection mode between the picking-up tooth shaft and the supporting plate was changed, and the operation of the picking-up residual plastic film mechanism was improved; four-bar linkage was used to change the gyratory motion of unloading film mechanism into swing reciprocating motion, so as to reduce residual film winding. In order to verify the performance of the mechanism, determine the optimal combination of parameters, and optimize the structure of the whole machine, the picking-up film mechanism and the unloading film mechanism were tested. Taking the penetration depth of the picking-up teeth, the forward speed of the trolley, the linear speed of the picking-up teeth and the forward speed ratio (the ratio of linear speed of the picking-up tooth to forward speed of soil bin trolley) of the trolley as the main factors, and the picking-up rate and the unloading rate as the testing indexes, the three-factor and three-level response tests of the picking-up mechanism and the unloading mechanism were carried out. The quadratic regression model between each factor and the picking-up film rate and unloading film rate were established by the software of Design-Expert. The significant influence of each factor on the picking-up film rate and unloading film rate were analyzed, and the test parameters were optimized. The results showed that the order of influencing factors on the picking-up film rate and the unloading film rate was as follows: the forward speed of soil bin trolley, the speed ratio, and the depth of picking-up teeth into soil. The optimum working parameters were determined as follows: the penetration depth of the picking teeth of 65 mm, 1.2 m/s of the forward speed of the soil bin trolley, and the speed ratio of 1.0. According to the optimization results, the validation test was carried out. The result showed that the picking-up film rate was 85.6%, the unloading film rate was 86.7%, which were less different from the prediction model, and the optimized model was reliable.