科尔沁沙地土壤水分特征曲线传递函数的构建与评估

    Development and evaluation of pedo-transfer functions of soil water characteristic curves in Horqin sandy land

    • 摘要: 为了快速准确的获取某一区域的水力性质,该文以科尔沁沙地典型沙丘-草甸相间地区为研究区,在对该区49个不同地貌类型采样点土壤水分特征曲线与土壤基本物理化学特性参数测试分析的基础上,采用函数参数非线性规划法构建了土壤干容重、粒径分布、有机质、pH值、电导率值等基本参数与水分特征曲线之间的传递函数,并进行了精度评估与分析。结果表明:1)研究区土壤水分特征曲线的坡度陡峭,不同地貌类型与土地利用方式下,土壤水分特征曲线有较大差异,相同负压下,土壤持水量按照流动沙丘-半固定沙丘-固定沙丘-农田-草甸的顺序递增;土壤的供水能力按照流动沙丘-半固定沙丘-固定沙丘-草甸-农田的顺序递减;2)利用土壤基本物化特性参数通过函数参数非线性规划法建立了研究区土壤水分特征曲线的传递函数,干容重和砂粒含量是预测土壤水分特征曲线模型参数的主要变量,增加土壤的理化指标可以提高预测精度,然而有机质含量、pH值、电导率值对本区土壤水分常数的影响并不大,对水分特征曲线模型 3个参数的影响略微增加;3)通过对传递函数的检验与精度评估分析,各参数的平均误差均在0附近;饱和含水率、残余含水率的均方根误差分别为0.017、0.023;土壤水分常数的相关系数在0.95附近,饱和含水率、残余含水率的误差比的几何标准偏分别为1.04、1.27。表明所建土壤水分特征曲线传递函数的精度较高,可用于该区土壤水分特性研究。该研究可为该区水分、溶质运移、水-热-盐耦合运移模拟提供技术支持和理论保证。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: In the regional, basin water system or Ground-water Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum system, soil moisture migration, water-heat-solute coupled modeling establishment and prediction, soil water retention and permeability, often require detail soil hydraulic properties. In order to quickly and easily obtain accurate soil water characteristic curves (SWCC), the typical dune-meadow areas in Horqin sandy land was selected as the study area. The pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) between the soil water characteristic curves and the basic soil properties was established in term of bulk density, soil particle size distribution, soil organic matter (SOM), EC and pH by the nonlinear programming method. Nonlinear optimal programming method, which is based on the minimum absolute deviation as the objective function, was used for reducing residuals at the larger extent, especially diminishing the extremes effect. Result showed good agreement between measured and predicted values. PTFs was evaluated based on ME, RMSE, r, GMER and GSDER between the fitted and predicted values at the depth of 20 cm. As follows 1) Soil texture in the Horqin is mainly sand, partially sandy loam or loamy sand, most of the sand particle volume content is over 83%, some reach to100%. Soil water constant has large correlation with sand content and bulk density, but, gets weak correlation with clay content and silt content. SWCC differs on condition of different landscapes and land use, under the same suction, the capacity of soil water holding ascends follow the order of sand dune-semi-fixed dune-fixed dune-farmland-meadow; the capacity of soil water supply adheres to a decreasing order of sand dunes-semi-fixed dune-fixed dune-meadow-farm. With the gradually increase of suction, soil water showed the following stages: rapid decline, slow decline, stable stage. Specific water capacity of sand dune, semi-fixed dune, fixed dune was reduced after the first growth with the increased of soil suction. However, specific water capacity of farmland, meadow was gradually decreased with the enhanced of soil suction. 2) Bulk density and sand content are the main variables to predict the model parameters of the SWCC. Adding the soil physical and chemical properties can improve the accuracy of the PTFs. However, soil organic matter SOM, pH value and EC have more impact on lnα, lnn, lnm than soil water constant in this region. 3) Except for a few sampling sites, most of the SWCC have higher prediction accuracy, and the shape of all predict curves of SWCC are similar to the measured curves. The low precision sampling sites are focused on meadow and farmland places, because plant roots are extremely developed, microbial activity is frequent, soil structure is relatively loose, which lead to the soil water content higher than sand dunes under the same suction. In addition, the number of the sampling sites of farmland and meadow is too small, which will weak the weights of such land when simulation analysis of the parameters is conducted. Through verifying and evaluating the accuracy of the PTFs, it is found that the PTFs has enough accuracy to simulate the soil moisture migration in this region. It is considered this function was preferable when it is used to estimate the SWCC when the soil has few clay, silt and coarse texture. The study can provide technical support and theoretical guarantee for studying the soil moisture migration and soil water-heat-salt transports in the arid and semi-arid areas like Horqin sandy land. With the expansion of the area and enrichment sampling sites in the Horqin sandy land, it is still reliable and extensive to study the soil pedo-transfer functions.

       

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