生态—经济协同视角下的河北省生态调节服务产品价值实现路径

    Value realization pathways of ecological regulation service products in Hebei Province of China from the perspective of eco-economic synergy

    • 摘要: 经济增长与生态保护之间存在着复杂的关系,将丰富的生态资产转化为可流通和消费的生态产品,进而实现经济价值的增值,对河北省可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究以河北省2012、2017、2022年土地利用数据为基础,采用水量平衡方程、修正土壤流失方程、修正风蚀方程、InVEST模型碳储存和封存模块计算河北省水源涵养、土壤保持、防风固沙、固碳服务物质量,利用影子工程法、替代成本法、市场价值法计算其价值量,分析生态调节服务产品价值时空变化特征。引入四象限模型,划分富绿共生区、生态富裕区、双弱滞后区、物质富裕区4个分区,结合案例分析,匹配生态调节服务产品价值实现的适宜路径。研究结果表明:1)2012—2022年河北省生态调节服务产品价值和人均生态调节服务产品价值均呈下降趋势,地区生产总值和人均地区生产总值均呈上升趋势。2)2012—2022年,河北省生态富裕区的县区数比例增加2.99个百分点,物质富裕区的县区数比例增加1.20个百分点,但富绿共生区的县区数比例下降1.79个百分点,反映出各县区在经济发展和生态保护之间尚未实现平衡。3)处于不同分区的县区应在生态产权交易、生态指标交易、生态整治修复、横向生态补偿、纵向生态补偿、生态产业化、产业生态化7种主要生态调节服务产品价值实现路径中因地制宜进行选择和匹配组合,以最适宜的路径促进区域生态财富和物质财富均衡发展。通过对河北省生态调节服务产品价值实现路径的深入剖析,可为制定科学合理的价值实现策略提供有力支持。

       

      Abstract: Abundant ecological assets can be transformed into the tradable and consumable ecological products. However, there is a complex relationship between economic growth and ecological protection. It is of great significance to balance the economic value appreciation and sustainable development in Hebei Province, China. In this study, the value realization pathways were proposed for the ecological regulation service products from an eco-economic synergy perspective. The land use data was collected from Hebei Province in 2012, 2017, and 2022. The water balance equation, the improved soil loss equation, the improved wind erosion equation, and the carbon storage and sequestration module of the InVEST model were then used to calculate the physical quantities of the water conservation, soil conservation, wind erosion control, and carbon sequestration services. Shadow project, substitution cost, and market value methods were employed to calculate their quantities. A systematic analysis was made on the temporal and spatial variation in the gross ecological regulation service products. A four-quadrant model was introduced to categorize the regions into four types: Eco-Economic Synergy Zone, Ecological Affluence Zone, Dual-Disadvantaged Lagging Zone, and Material Prosperity Zone. Case studies were integrated to identify the suitable pathways for the ecological regulation service products. The results show that: (1) The per capita value of ecological regulation service products shared a declining trend, where a spatial distribution was characterized by "higher values in the north and lower in the south, while prominent in mountainous areas, and weaker in plains." Meanwhile, the per capita gross regional product exhibited an upward trend, which was spatially distributed as "higher in the east and lower in the west, with a transitional pattern in the central region." (2) The proportion of the counties and districts was classified as the Ecological Affluence Zone, which increased by 2.99 percentage point, while there was an increase of 1.20 percentage point in the Material Prosperity Zone. However, the proportion of the counties in the Eco-Economic Synergy Zone decreased by 1.79 percentage point. As such, there was no balance between economic development and ecological protection in these regions. (3) The optimal pathways were recommended to promote the regional "eco-economic" coordination, according to the different types of the counties and districts. A regional approach was proposed to combine with the “ecological property rights trading + ecological indicator trading + eco-industrialization” in the Eco-Economic Synergy Zone. A win-win tradeoff was achieved in both ecological and economic development. In the Ecological Affluence Zone, an optimal pathway was adopted to integrate the “ecological property rights trading + ecological indicator trading + horizontal ecological compensation”, in order to foster the economic growth and ecological conservation. In the Dual-Disadvantaged Lagging Zone, an optimal strategy was highlighted on the “vertical ecological compensation + ecological remediation and restoration + eco-industrialization”, in order to solve the dual challenges from the ecological and economic conditions. In the Material Prosperity Zone, the “ecological remediation and restoration + industrial ecologicalization + horizontal ecological compensation” was implemented to strengthen the ecological protection and economic development. The finding can also provide the strong support to formulate the scientific and reasonable value realization strategies.

       

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