Abstract: Maize stalk has been one of the major byproducts during agricultural production in China. This study aims to promote the energy utilization of maize stalks for soil fertility. The bioenergy production was integrated with the soil management strategies. The maize stalks were employed as the feedstock. The thermochemical conversion was utilized to produce the biochar in the potential application of biochar during soil improvement. A systematic investigation was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). The weight loss of the corn stalk pyrolysis was elucidated to determine the dynamic release patterns of the volatile components. The pyrolysis experiment was initiated at ambient temperature with the gradient pyrolysis terminal temperature (300, 400, 500, 600, and 700°C) under a constant heating rate of 10°C/min. A series of biochar samples were produced after the test. A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the contents of the organic carbon and inorganic carbon in the biochar samples, as well as the stability of the biochar. The laboratory-scale experiments of the biochar soil amendment were also carried out to assess the impact of the different pyrolysis temperatures on soil improvement. The experimental results showed that the increased heating rate led to the temperature difference between the surface and the interior of the corn straw samples, thus resulting in heat transfer resistance to inhibit pyrolysis. Subsequently, the maximum peak of the weight loss was caused by the shift into higher temperatures. Furthermore, the carbon-containing gases were carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and carbon monoxide (CO) during pyrolysis. The yield of CO₂was much higher than that of the rest carbon-containing gases. The release of CO₂ was the primary cause of the mass loss in the feedstock. The carbon content in the biochar samples that were produced at different final pyrolysis temperatures significantly increased by 35.32% to 59.69% (P<0.05), compared with the maize stalk. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), TGA, and the K₂Cr₂O₇ oxidation revealed that the biochar pyrolyzed at above 500 ℃ exhibited better thermal and chemical stability. The carbon sequestration potential of the biochar that produced at different pyrolysis terminal temperatures was ranged from 26.21% to 28.54%. The carbon sequestration potential was ranked in the descending order of: the biochar pyrolyzed at 700, 300, 600, 500, and 400 ℃. Compared with the no biochar addition, the biochar pyrolyzed at 300, 500, and 700 ℃ achieved the best improvement on the soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium, increasing by 39.21%, 39.52%, and 60.32%, respectively. Biochar pyrolyzed at 600 and 700 ℃ shared the best improvement on the soil organic and inorganic carbon, respectively, with an increase of 58.38% and 30.02%, respectively. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the addition of biochar altered the composition of the soil organic matter, thereby affecting the content of humic acid. According to the energy consumption for biochar production, the carbon sequestration, and the soil fertility, the biochar pyrolyzed at 600 ℃ can be expected to serve as the ideal soil amendment.