Abstract: Optimal ventilation and irrigation water are highly essential to optimize irrigation systems for greenhouse crops, particularly on indoor microclimate, water saving, fruit yield, and quality. In this study, a field experiment was conducted at the Xinxiang Comprehensive Experimental Base of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from March to June 2020. Two ventilation treatments were set (T1: opening the north and top windows; T2: opening the north, top and south windows) under various vents opening at different locations in the greenhouse. Two moisture treatments (the water surface evaporation coefficients were 0.9 and 0.5, respectively) referred to the cumulative evaporation of a standard 20 cm evaporation dish. A fully combinatorial design was used to divide into four treatments (T1K0.9, T1K0.5, T2K0.9, T2K0.5) in total. An investigation was also made on the effects of different aeration and moisture on the physiological ecology, water consumption characteristics, and yield of mulched drip tomatoes. Path analysis was finally utilized to explore the ranking of main control factors affecting the stem flow rate of tomatoes under three typical weather conditions (sunny, cloudy, and overcast). The results showed that: 1) The temperature and relative humidity were much lower inside the T2 compartment on sunny or cloudy days, compared with the T1 compartment. Nevertheless, the temperature was basically the same inside two compartments on overcast days, whereas, the relative humidity inside the T2 compartment was higher than that in the T1 compartment. 2) Crop water consumption depended mainly on water treatments and root development during the whole reproductive period. Specifically, the water consumption of T1K0.9 and T2K0.9 were 282.4 and 278.4 mm, respectively, higher than that of T1K0.5 (201.8 mm) and T2K0.5 treatments (202.5 mm). The water consumption intensity of each treatment at different fertility stages was ranked in order: mid-fertility > rapid growth period > late fertility > early fertility, among which the mid-fertility stage presented the highest water consumption. The daily water consumption intensities of T1K0.9, T1K0.5, T2K0.9, and T2K0.5 reached 3.4, 2.3, 3.9, and 2.3 mm/d, respectively. Path analysis was utilized to determine the comprehensive impact of meteorological factors on the sap flow rate. The parameters were ranked in order: net radiation > temperature > relative humidity > wind speed at 2 m. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation between the net radiation and sap flow rate, whereas an indirect correlation was found among temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed at 2 m. 3) Different ventilation and moisture conditions posed significant effects on the growth, development, and yield of tomatoes. The leaf area index showed in the pattern of T2K1 > T1K1 > T2K2 > T1K2 in the peak period of water demand, transpiration rate showing T2K0.9 > T2K0.5 > T1K0.9 > T1K0.5. The average fruit mass of T2K0.9 was 0.15 kg, while the water use efficiency was 53.0 kg/m3, and the total yield reached 147.6 t/hm2, the yields of T1K0.9, T1K0.5 and T2K0.5 were 139.5, 124.2 and 119.4 t/hm2, respectively. Therefore, it can be recommended that the T2K0.9 treatment is preferred to improve the yield and water use efficiency of tomatoes for ventilation and water control in the solar greenhouses in North China.