不同沟灌方式对夏玉米耗水特性及产量影响的模糊综合评判

    Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on water consumption characteristics and yield of summer corn under different furrow irrigation patterns

    • 摘要: 为了研究模糊数学在夏玉米耗水特性和产量方面的应用,该文采用改进模糊综合评判模型,综合评价夏玉米不同生育阶段耗水量、产量构成因素(穗长、穗粒数、百粒质量)对沟灌方式的响应。结果表明:无论在宽垄种植模式,还是常规种植模式下,夏玉米同一阶段耗水量随灌水下限增加而呈现递增规律,作物全生育期耗水量也随灌水控制下限增加而呈递增规律,实测结果和模糊评价结果一致;灌水控制下限为70%田间持水量的宽垄种植处理的模糊综合评价指数最高,即灌水控制下限为70%田间持水量的宽垄种植处理小区产量最高,水分生产效率也为最高,达到了1.97 kg/m3,此种灌水控制下限的宽垄种植模式为最优。因此,当水资源较充足时,种植灌溉方式建议采取水分处理为70%田间持水量的宽垄种植处理模式;当水资源较匮乏时,种植灌溉方式采取水分处理为60%田间持水量的宽垄种植处理模式。模糊综合评判结果与大田试验结果相吻合,表明该方法可用于评判节水灌溉效应。该研究可为节水灌溉试验结果评价提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Abstract: Yield and water consumption are two of important indicators of crop water-saving and high-yield cultivation. In order to verify the feasibility of fuzzy mathematics in evaluation of water consumption characteristics and yield of summer corn, this study an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was adopted. An experiment from June 2012 to September 2012 was conducted in Henan Key Laboratory of Eater-saving Agriculture Farming Water Test site of North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power(34o51′ N, 113o49′ E). We designed two kinds of planting pattern including wide ridge furrow irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation. Meanwhile, relative soil moisture of 60%, 70%, 80% was used for each planting pattern. Crop water consumption of different growth stages of summer maize was determined. Yield and its components were measured. Meanwhile, an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was done after data about yield and water consumption were standardized. The resulted showed that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation indexes of water consumption respectively were 0.37358, 0.32770, and 0.29872 for wide ridge furrow irrigation lower limits with relative soil moisture of 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. The high index indicated lower water consumption. Thus, the water consumption of summer maize for wide ridge furrow irrigation lower limits with relative soil moisture of 60%, 70%, and 80% should be highest for the treatment of irrigation lower limits with relative soil moisture of 80% and lowest for that of 60%. According to the field experiment, the water consumption during the whole growth stage of maize was 349.66, 398.64, and 442.62 mm for wide ridge furrow irrigation lower limits with relative soil moisture of 60%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. The evaluation result was well confirmed by the results of field experiment for the wide ridge furrow irrigation treatment. Similarly, The evaluation results were consistent with that from field experiment for the conventional furrow irrigation treatment. Based on the improved fuzzy evaluation, the relative soil moisture of 70% should have the highest yield with the largest evaluation index of 0.34296 for the wide ridge furrow irrigation treatment, which was supported by the measured yield (7853.39 kg/hm2). Consistent with the evaluation index, the measured yield for the wide ridge furrow irrigation was higher for the relative soil moisture of 80% than the relative soil moisture of 60%. The similar trend was found for the conventional furrow irrigation treatment. In comparison with the other wide ridge furrow irrigation lower limit treatments, the relative soil moisture of 70% was also higher. It suggested that the irrigation limit of the relative soil moisture of 70% was best than the other two irrigation limits for the wide ridge furrow irrigation for both yield and water use efficiency. However, for the conventional furrow irrigation treatment, the irrigation limit of the relative soil moisture of 60% was highest in the water use efficiency, but the irrigation limit of the relative soil moisture of 70% was highest in the yield. Therefore, the irrigation lower limit of the relative soil moisture of 70% was suggested for the wide ridge furrow irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation where water resource was abundant. If water resource was scarce, the irrigation lower limit of the relative soil moisture of 60% was recommended for the conventional furrow irrigation. In sum, the study showed that the improve fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was good for assessment of effects of water saving irrigation.

       

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