Abstract:
Abstract: In order to provide theoretical basis for improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, in this study, special slow-release fertilizers containing urease inhibitor (NBPT) and nitrification inhibitor (DCD) were produced according to the nutrient requirements of tomato. Nitrogen release characteristics of two vegetables special slow-release fertilizers were studied in the experiment of "soil incubating method". In addition, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of the slow-release fertilizers on yield, fertilizer use efficiency and NPK content of tomato. The results showed that in three different soil, cumulative nitrogen release in soil was in order of ordinary compound fertilizer (OCF)>commercial slow-release fertilizer (MSRF)>tomato special compound fertilizer NO.1 (TCF)>tomato special slow-release fertilizer NO.2 (TSRF1)>tomato special slow-release fertilizer (TSRF2), and nitrogen released in soil from the special slow release fertilizers (TSRF1 and TSRF2) were less than that of other fertilizers. The amount of nitrogen accumulated release of different fertilizer treatments in three different soil types showed alkaline soil > neutral soil > acid soil. In 14th day of incubation, the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in the soil increased, and the accumulation of nitrate in soil increased significantly after 14 d. Nitrogen accumulation in soil were more in NH4+-N than in NO3-N due to the nitrification inhibitor (DCD) which can inhibit soil nitrification and The nitrification process was inhibited by nitrification inhibitors, and the nitrogen fertilizer remained in the soil for a long time in the form of NH4+-N. Nitrogen accumulation for NH4+-N and NO3--N was also as alkaline soil>neutral soil>acid soil. The release of different forms of nitrogen in the three soils was fitted with an equation of the first order kinetics (r ranged from 0.963 to 0.998). Using the first order kinetic equation, the N0 value of the maximum release rate of different forms of nitrogen was total N>NH4+-N>NO3--N, which was consistent with the changes of the accumulation and release characteristics of different forms of nitrogen in soil. The characteristics of nitrogen release simulated by the equation were suitable for the prediction of the release and release characteristics of nitrogen in soil. In the pot experiment, two special slow release fertilizers (TSRF2 and TSRF1) were significantly (P<0.05) increased the yield of tomato by 18.18%, 7.24%, 31.40% and 13.45%, 2.96%, 26.15% compared with treatments of TCF, MSRF and OCF, respectively. The accumulation of nitrogen in tomato was TSRF2>TSRF1>MSRF>TCF>OCF, and the absorption of phosphorus by tomato was TSRF1>TSRF2> MSRF>TCF>OCF, and the accumulation of K in tomato was similar with that of nitrogen. Special slow release fertilizer treatment was beneficial to improve the uptake of NPK nutrient in potted tomato. Compared with common compound fertilizer (OCF), plant utilization of NPK in two special slow release fertilizers (TSRF1 and TSRF2) were increased by 10.66% (N), 21.95% (P), and 18.48% (K) for TSRF1, and 20.53% (N), 18.62% (P) and 14.94% (K) for TSRF2, respectively. Special slow release fertilizer with addition of the inhibitors, the nutrient release rate was relatively flat, so that it can effectively avoid the adverse effects of oversupply of nutrients in the soil, and improved the utilization rate of nutrient. Two special release fertilizers (TSRF2 and TSRF1) increased the uptake of N, P and K by tomato plants and tomato yield, and improved the efficiency of NPK due to the nutrient release rate of the special slow release fertilizers with addition of inhibitors., As such they balanced soil available nutrients with crop nutrient requirements.